Pediatrician Duties and Responsibilities: Career Overview. As a pediatrician , your main occupational tasks involve providing medical care to people ranging in age from newborns to young adults. You are responsible for examining, diagnosing, and treating children with a wide variety of injuries and illnesses. Salary: 205,610 USD Education: Education Requirements. Most aspiring physicians and surgeons must complete an undergraduate degree, followed by 4 years of medical school and a 3-7 year internship and/or residency. The length of residency depends on specialization, which in the field of pediatrics , could reach 7 years. Demand for this particular career: None